[citation needed] According to Chinese media and the vice director of the industrial zone, there were 83 companies resident within the zone, of which 56 had started production. The 10,000th trip was completed on 26 August 2018 with the arrival of freight train X8044 in Wuhan, China from Hamburg, Germany. © 2021 Belt and Road News. [49], In June 2019, Xi and Putin stated they were committed to the concept of building the "Great Eurasian Partnership". Some of the transport breakthroughs aren’t brand new either – the first Silk Road train to leave Chongqing in western China for Duisburg in Germany departed five years ago, long before Xi’s government started to promote the railroads in earnest. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. [41], In March 2019, Italy became the first G7 Nation to join China's Belt and Road Initiative. "[59] In 2019 Uzbekistan established a new government group in charge of aligning their own country's development plan with China's BRI ambitions. […] [79][80], In August 2018, at the end of an official visit to China, Mahathir cancelled the East Coast Rail Link project and two other pipeline projects that had been awarded to the China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau. [76] During the 2018 Malaysian general election, then-opposition leader Mahathir Mohamad expressed disapproval of Chinese investment in Malaysia, comparing it to selling off the country to foreigners. China's signature international program is the Belt and Road Initiative. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is often subject of controversial debates. [94], Colombo International Financial City built on land reclaimed from the Indian Ocean and funded with $1.4bn in Chinese investment is a special financial zone and another major Chinese investment in Sri Lanka. dollars. Home About Belt and Road Country Profiles. [87] After rounds of negotiation and diplomatic mission, the ECRL project is resumed after Malaysia and China agreed to continue the project with reduced cost of RM 44 billion (US$10.68 billion) from the original of RM 65.5 billion.[88]. Along with the money came 500,000 Chinese citizens. It is reported that each of the 1,000 selected villages in Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, will receive two sets of solar projection television systems and a set of solar 32-inch digital TV integrated terminal systems. [71][72] It is estimated to cost US$5.95 billion with 70% of the railway owned by China, while Laos's remaining 30% stake will be mostly financed by loans from China. Belt and Road Countries -- Botswana. Latin America & Caribbean Members have reached 18 BRI Countries and SouthEast Asia has 6 Countries that are part of the BRI. 1. Currently, the Port of Baku has the capacity to handle 15 million tons of cargo, including 100000 TEU, which will grow to 25 million tons of cargo and 500000 TEU in the future. [37], The foreign ministers of China and Greece signed a memorandum of understanding related to further cooperation under the Belt and Road initiative on 29 August 2018. President Xi’s legacy . [73] However, it faces opposition within Laos due to the high cost of the project. China is also compiling a list of desertification technologies and demands for Belt and Road countries as part of its efforts to promote international prevention and treatment of desertification, Zhang said at a UNCCD meeting held in Guiyang, capital of southwest China’s Guizhou Province. Employment created from established companies is not significant, making up only 0.1–0.3% of total employment in the country, just several thousand jobs. The euro (€) is the official currency of 19 out of 28 EU countries. According to the park's chief administrator, 36 international companies have settled in the park as of August 2018. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Major road infrastructure projects stretch to south and north Africa, such as Mozambique's Maputo–Katembe bridge and Algeria's Cherchell Ring Expressway Project. In a debt restructuring plan on 9 December 2017, 70% of the port was leased and port operations were handed over to China for 99 years,[39] The deal gave the Sri Lankan government $1.4 billion, that they will be using to pay off the debt to China. [21] The first freight service began in November 2015 and passenger service followed in October 2016. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Since, China has introduced a number of projects including a Chinese industrial zone in the Gulf of Suez, an electric train system for its new capital, and investments in the Western Sahara. China and Botswana signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for cooperation on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on Jan. 7, 2021, making Botswana the 46th partner country in Africa in BRI cooperation. Along the Belt and Road China is teaming up with a slew of countries to build a new Silk Road — but not everyone is happy Published Thu, Dec 28 2017 8:00 AM EST Updated Fri, Jan 26 2018 5:58 AM EST These projects include the Turkmenistan's and China gas pipeline (with four lines, the fourth forthcoming), The International North-South transportation corridor (which provides railway connections between Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Iran, with another line connecting China to Iran via Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan), The Lapis Lazuli international transit corridor (rail connecting Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey), and the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan- Pakistan-India (TAPI) pipeline project. It will be deferred until such time we can afford, and maybe we can reduce the cost also if we do it differently. [55], As of April 2019, Kazakhstan invested about $30 billion on infrastructure development, transport and logistics assets and competence as part of the Belt and Road Initiative. These had been linked to corruption at state fund 1Malaysia Development Berhad,[78] citing a need to reduce debt incurred by the previous government.[81][82][83][84]. As of January 2019, the list totals 790 projects. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. On 25 April 2019, the Minister of Infrastructure and Regional Development of Georgia Maya Tskitishvili stated that, "One Belt-One Road initiative is important for Georgia and the country is actively involved in its development." [20], From October 2011 to February 2012, Chinese companies were contracted to supersede the century-old Ethio-Djibouti Railways by constructing a new electric standard gauge Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway. A list of countries that have signed off on China’s Belt and Road Initiative and have a DTA with China is below. The Belt … Discussions on Chinese involvement in the construction of a dry docking facility also moved ahead. [19] However, a study in Geoforum noted that the EIZ has yet to serve as a catalyst for Ethiopia's overall economic development due to many factors including poor infrastructure outside the zone. It will shorten the journey time between Jakarta and Bandung from over three hours to forty minutes[68] The project, initially scheduled for completion in 2019, was delayed by land clearance issues. Following the instability from the 2011 Arab Spring protests, China was one of few countries willing to provide loans and financial support to Egypt. According to a Chinese newspaper, as of 2019 cooperation documents have been signed with or projects undertaken in 138 countries and 30 international organisations. [6] More recently in 2020, Uganda announced it would be borrowing another US$118 million for roads, part of an oil production project that Uganda has looked to kickoff for the past few years. With support from the Chinese government, Uganda has built or is building many infrastructure projects that are crucial for its econom… [77] Upon election as Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir labelled the China-funded projects as "unfair" deals authorized by former prime minister Najib Razak and would leave Malaysia "indebted" to China. The railway cost US$3.2bn and was Kenya's biggest infrastructure project since independence. [15] Meanwhile, China has argued that its anti-piracy missions from the Djibouti base has increased its capacity to support One Belt One Road projects. The new railway line, stretching more than 750 kilometres (470 mi) and travelling at 120 km/h (75 mph), shortens the journey time between Addis Ababa and Djibouti from three days to about 12 hours. [17] In February 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Egypt postponed indefinitely China-funded construction of the power plant at Hamrawein. These cookies do not store any personal information. The initiative was given intensive coverage by Chinese state media, and by 2016 often being featured in the People's Daily. It provides thousands of scholarly journals from dozens of countries covering business trends, infrastructure, research collaboration … In June 2016, Gurbanguly, Turkmenistan's president, approached Xi Jinping to discuss his desire to become more involved in BRI and seeing previously planned projects completed and or expanded. [44], On 27 March 2019, Luxembourg signed an agreement with China to cooperate on Belt and Road Initiative. [53], The five countries of Central Asia – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan – are an important part of the land route of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). [23], In May 2014, Premier Li Keqiang signed a cooperation agreement with the Kenyan government to build the Mombasa–Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway connecting Mombasa to Nairobi. [95], In Thailand in 2005, the Chinese pharmaceutical company, Holley Group, and the Thai industrial estate developer, Amata Group, signed an agreement to develop the Thai–Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone. Djibouti's Doraleh Multi-purpose Port, the Hassan Gouled Aptidon International Airport, and Ahmed Dini Admed International Airpot in Obock were built with about US$596 million in support from China. The Chinese covet the Thorium deposits for their planned global constellation of nuclear reactors. "[60], “BRI projects in Tajikistan range from roads and railways to pipelines and power plants, even including traffic cameras. [34] The network was further extended southward to Vietnam in March 2018. Comprising the Maritime Silk Road and the Silk Road Economic Belt, the One Belt One Road (OBOR) concept, introduced in 2013 by the Chinese government, focuses on connectivity and cooperation between Eurasian countries on all fronts, infrastructure, trade, and joint investments aiming to a more efficient, green and sustainable transport through better logistic solutions. ", "From car parts to condos, faltering Thailand lures Chinese money", "After delays, ground broken for Thailand-China railway project", https://www.beltandroad.news/2020/10/14/railway-project-under-belt-road-expected-to-be-sign-by-wang-yi/, "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "Turkey and China One Road One Belt Project", "Argentine president calls Argentina-China hydropower project "highly important"-Belt and Road Portal", "China, Jamaica signed MoU on Belt and Road cooperation-Belt and Road Portal", Economic corridor in Greater Mekong Subregion, China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor, New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor, China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor, Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-China International Highway, China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan International Highway, International North–South Transport Corridor, Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar Economic Corridor, Sino-Latin American Production Capacity Cooperation Investment Fund, Special Loan Program for China-Latin America Infrastructure Project, Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation, Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation, China-Pacific Island Countries Economic Development and Cooperation Forum, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_projects_of_the_Belt_and_Road_Initiative&oldid=1002166887, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 23 January 2021, at 04:43. While roads and railways connecting production sites, power plants and industrial parks can make countries more attractive for investment, thus creating jobs and transforming their economies, this is not true of all infrastructure. China's Ambassador Zheng Zhuqian also reaffirmed the relationship with Uganda, remarking that China "firmly supports the Ugandan exploration for a development path with Ugandan characteristics." [7] China is now the largest funder of infrastructure projects in Africa, financially backing around a fifth of all projects and constructing a third of them. The new Chinese Government Scholarship-Silk Road Program is now available on offer at Chongqing University for the academic year 2021-2021. However, critics warn over Uganda's burgeoning debt, which was at $10 billion in 2018 and a third of which is owed to China. According to Kurz, Austria "support[s] the One Belt One Road initiative and [is] trying to forge a close economic cooperation [with China]. This scholarship is available to citizens of Belt and road countries. The China–Britain route was launched in January 2017. According to a Chinese newspaper, as of 2019 cooperation documents have been signed with or projects undertaken in 138 countries and 30 international organisations. [22] On China–Ethiopia cooperation on international affairs, China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi said that China and Ethiopia are both developing countries, and both countries are faced with a complicated international environment. Chinese investment is projected to speed up that process in key countries linked to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s global infrastructure plan, according to a new report.. [50][51], The China–Belarus Industrial Park is a 91.5 km2 (35.3 sq mi) special economic zone established in Smolevichy, Minsk in 2013. [46], On 4 April 2019, the President of Armenia Armen Sarkissian received a delegation led by Shen Yueyue, Vice-Chairwoman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee of China in Yerevan, Armenia. Under President Yameen, Maldives also amended its constitution to allow foreigners to own land in the archipelago – following which the island of Feydhoo Finholu was taken up on a long-term lease by a Chinese company. It affects three-quarters of the known energy reserves in the world. China's lending to countries in Africa was $152 billion between 2000 and 2018, according to the South China Morning Post, much of which was spent on Belt and Road Initiative projects. ", "The Maldives: Investments Undermine Democracy", "$100 Billion Chinese-Made City Near Singapore 'Scares the Hell Out of Everybody, "Malaysia's Mahathir Pledges to Review China Investment if Re-Elected", "Malaysia's Mahathir warns against 'new colonialism' during China visit", "China's investments into Malaysia may not pay off – at least, not for Malaysia: Citi", "Malaysian PM says China-financed Projects Canceled", "East Coast Rail Link and Pipeline Projects with China to be Deferred", "Mahathir fears new colonialism, cancels 2 Chinese projects on Beijing visit", "Mahathir Warns Against New 'Colonialism' During Visit to China", "Malaysia Leaves $100 Billion Real Estate Project in Limbo", "Malaysia Cancels China-backed pipeline projects", "Malaysia to cancel $20 billion China-backed rail project: minister", "Back on track: ECRL to resume at RM 44 billion", https://www.beltandroad.news/2020/10/10/cpec-delivered-pakistans-orange-line-metro-train-project/, "Sri Lanka, Struggling With Debt, Hands a Major Port to China", "How China Got Sri Lanka to Cough Up a Port", "Sri Lanka Formally Hands Over Hambantota Port to Chinese Firms on 99-Year Lease", "Sri Lanka's 'new Dubai': Will Chinese-built city suck the life out of Colombo? [64] Leung mentioned "One Belt, One Road" no fewer than 48 times during the policy address,[65] but details were scant.[66][67]. [31], Freight train services between China and Europe were initiated in March 2011. The same time period brought in around 1,900 workers from China to work on construction. One common confusion is which countries are exactly included in the Initiative as the Chinese government has never announced an official list. Belt and Road Initiative Member Countries are spread across all 7 Continents, the largest of them are from Sub-Saharan Africa (40 Countries), followed by Europe & Central Asia (34 Countries), which includes 18 Countries from the European Union (EU) that are part of the BRI. Since 2012, Chinese companies have also opened solar, rubber, and industrial manufacturing plants in the zone, and the zone expects the number to increase to 500 by 2021. [12][13][7] In total, the Export-Import Bank of China has lent approximately US$1 billion to Djibouti, funding nearly 40 percent of Djibouti's substantial infrastructure and investment projects.[14]. [14], Egypt has traditionally had a very strong relationship with China, so when China first announced its Belt and Road Initiative, Egypt was one of the first countries to sign onto the agreement. Exporting Uzbek goods to more regions is a highly attractive incentive for Uzbekistan. [3] Africa is considered a key part of China's One Belt One Road efforts, due to its potential for rails, roads, and energy. So, we have Chinese businesses investing in overseas industrial parks, the Chinese government investing political and trade time into negotiating free trade and double tax treaties. [85], The project undergo negotiations for several months[86] and close to be cancelled off.
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