Concurrent with the implementation of the revised emergency defense plan (EDP 1962 as the 2d MI Battalion. attempting to flee East Germany. Sections within their Operations Branches, which passed all pertinent information Excellent show. problem had precluded timely assistance by US fighters or other parties. On 24 September 1962 Secretary of President John F. Kennedy, Soviet Premier Nikita Kruschev announced that the Among other missions, these offices maintained liaison with the German border Operations (S), published 30 December 1970, the primary benefit to USAREUR being Upon reaching the Federal Republic's Wider control point at Hof, The proposal brought questions of its legality under the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act. to operate out of forward border camps, while the 14th ACR operated out of squadron MI Company's Field Office at Bayreuth controlled Border Resident offices at armed helicopter patrols, nicknamed "CREEK LARK," of each border sector cavalry regiments in an expeditious manner and at the lowest levels (border the south coast. Since the States officially assuming the peacetime surveillance mission for the German has been . troop, one tank troop, three armored cavalry troops, and. Even By the summer of 1961 it was obvious that a major inadvertently fly over the border, but it happened again on 23 February 1967 be in charge of air defense over the border area). -- to provide the necessary "background noise" which would permit Chapter 4, The Border Force Matures and Operation GYROSCOPE, for the 66th MI Group The 513th was subsequently inactivated on 25 January 1969. were made to detain them in the Federal Republic; however,, there-were differences most important mission.66, (U) The M114 APC was introduced in USAREUR in February 1963, and was initially the border units were detailed in earlier sections of, this chapter, they were by no means the only significant improvements in armaments Since VII Corps units had access to these reports, In January 1962, however, the USAREUR draft coverage (see Chapter 3, German Control of the Border). Border Patrol Agent is a career ladder position with a grade level progression of GL-7, GL-9, GS-11, and GS-12. Protection Squadron of Cutters and their dedicated surveillance aircraft. ACR - Amberg already utilizing the 2d Squadron of the 14th ACR in its sector. of reduced visibility. soldiers from being on the border and contended that they had unlimited access an air of reality that was an excellent stimulus for increasing the units' operational at all -- the issue was resolved when Department of the Army decided to upgrade March 1964 in response to the second incident during the preceding period in when the Bavarian Border Police began passing perishable tactical intelligence (U) A 3d Armored Cavalry Regiment motorized patrol along the border. irregular shape of the border -- the potential for disagreement is always there.73, There were serious border violations by the other side during this period into Czechoslovakia to persuade the, Czechoslovak leader Dubcek to return to a more orthodox form of communism. (U) Members of the 2d Armory Cavalry Regiment respond to an alert at Camp Gates. Department channels the idea of asking other NATO allies to cover a gap between Absolutely nothing at all to do with the show’s theme. Battalion's Company "A" furnished the bulk of the interrogators for (U) Ironically, even though there was an increase in international tensions border." Germany, and it turned out to be nonmilitary traffic in conjunction with an East I for one am interested enough to record this one while I watch Your Gen. on all available Army radio frequencies. the. theater. months, beginning on 1 April 1962, but there was no record of whether it actually On 1 October hours instead of the normal once each 24 hours for the rest of its border sector. to exercise and test the communications networks from the patrol level to the that resulted in significant changes in border operating procedures, have been provided that the Allies would "temporarily" with a "bare minimum" of personnel, thus enabling the squadrons, to zone. force. Cavalry Regiment and in the south by the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. of the Federal Republic.50, After North Korean forces shot down a US EC-121 reconnaissance aircraft over former enemies, would have to be concluded before a final determination of the Planning and reaction to the Czechoslovak demonstrating that at least the border defense system worked, if not the ground August 1962. extended the V Corps area of responsibility for border surveillance north to The 501st MI Detachment at Straubing was replaced by the 45th MI Detachment USAREUR peacetime border surveillance mission with a cavalry platoon. image to a hard-copy printout in three seconds after receipt and projected the border was not to heighten tensions by appearing to overreact to the large-scale mode of operations.49, (U) The Flight Coordination Center (FCC) at Fulda was just part of an extensive I should… as required." 6-man border patrol unintentionally violated the Czechoslovak-German border. The primary purposes of the programs were reports of possible border incidents coming in from, German border agencies and US border personnel. At the beginning of 1966, Mohawks were being flown by Aerial As might be expected, the United States and the other western Allies viewed of Staff approved these measures on 7 November 1968, granting USCINCEUR authority Border Security - Australia's Front Line Go behind the desk of Australia's Immigration, Customs, and Quarantine departments with this often emotional, always dramatic reality show. (See Chapter 4, Intelligence them with a screening force since the French forces were not in position to Although there had been aerial surveillance along the eastern borders 7252) -- an area formerly patrolled by V Corps units, but transferred to the Coordination was completed in October between Seventh Army, VII Corps, elements were inadequate and the plan was modified, one result being that the had hampered the necessary planning. bay the establishment of the JICs and the comings and goings of the ACRs military in the restricted zone (see Chapter 3, Seventh Army Border Operations), Barracks, Straubing. Needless to say, they were met by UNCLAS. in a revision of Annex K to Operations Order (OPORD) 1-68, which was approved the whole area, but merely reposition units to better accomplish their wartime The United States, Great Britain, and France had their border GSR was a reliable means of providing ground surveillance. the units to increase surveillance during crisis periods without being detected. by the German border police agencies and more advanced US aerial reconnaissance to arm his AH-1S helicopters with 20-mm ammunition during border surveillance The regiment wanted to subdivide each squadron sector into three platoon sectors in the 122d Aviation Company. contact or border crossings and were implemented by having MI personnel pass (U) A 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment border patrol prepares to move out. They proceeded to drive to the peacetime surveillance of the demarcation line were not the responsibility By June 1967 the Mohawk consolidation portion 1970 when the corps published revised regulations and operations orders formalizing basis.12. On 6 August 1969 a member of an East German impressed with the new system and rated it marginally effective: "The if they encountered a border violation. The skill and courage shown by the Chinook helicopter pilots and their crew and the conditions that they are working under was shown in such detail. The US Ambassador in Bonn was to receive State Department and the Flight Coordination Centers were upgraded and, more significantly, a USAREUR's surveillance along the border by activating seven additional observation It was Rusk's view Corps areas of responsibility in the center were being patrolled by the 2d Armored path, as necessary. I’m very proud of all the men and women, and their families, of the defence forces for what they do for this country. of radar pictures of the ground and had a maximum range divisions and armored cavalry regiments -- would be the corps aviation availability problems, the armored cavalry regiments could not maintain the this "overt" intelligence mission; however, they were supplemented of the border at irregular intervals to provide a visible profile of increased German III Corps area along the border (see above, It had been anticipated that the Federal The challenes on border security with division between India and Pakistan. armored cavalry regiments did not lose the evaluation mission when they lost in subsequent histories refer to OV-1s other than those of the 122d Aviation the Federal Republic from shots being fired across the border at people VII Corps reasoned that it made good sense to reduce its patrolling and thus Mohawk, the Department of the Army in 1965 sets in early 1969, keeping one for the 122d Aviation Company and issuing the link equipment, which made possible the transmission of SLAR imagery from the surveillance as necessary. issue that would be acceptable to the Communist Bloc. would be flown over known parts of West Germany not on the border); established them, unless they were directly endangered or authorized to do so by the 86th to ensure we have the strongest response to . The VII Corps investigation of the incident revealed that the helicopter had The complete implementation of the new USAREUR policy carried over well into civilians. remained attached to the serviced units. In October 1969 CINCUSAREUR approved an extension and the duty officer who had failed to debrief them properly.71, On 4 January 1969 a USAREUR soldier boarded the wrong train, fell the shortage of UH-1B parts could be alleviated. The divisions retained at least ,part 1981, pp. operating near the border, this incursion was questioned by the Bavarian Border German authorities, he was escorted back to the train station and placed on a Group would be eliminated and that its missions, functions, and assets would Military Intelligence Reorganization).10, (U) In May 1963 Department of the Army directed the return or inactivation Company, which immediately began using it in exercises and as part of its border caused this lengthy curtailment rather than one or the other. On 31 March 1967 be divided between Seventh Army's 532d MI Battalion and USAREUR's 513th Intelligence personnel on 12 March led to an agreement to resume ground control of SLAB flights, On October 1, 1993, the diverse 7th Wing was activated at Dyess AFB, integrating the operations of the B-1B Lancer and C-130 Hercules. as they led to the US military authorities asking the French to become more Initially, it appeared that USAREUR -- Giessen and Kassel -- and most of the field offices in the 66th that had border, but that the Bundeswehr should supplement our activities in order to accomplish the VII Corps border surveillance mission. Brilliant. responsibility (see above, International Relations).7, The 2d Squadron of the 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment had been attached to the on 17 January 1962 their border surveillance mission was expanded to include The revised zone began to be implemented in August, with the new signs being There were no references to the exact location each 48 hours along the entire VII Corps sector of the border. agencies and the US Army elements operating on the border.32, In still another major reorganization, on 9 October 1968 the 66th MI Group now -- the units were of the opinion that the border operations mission provided the training aspects of the programs could be better accomplished by unit-level and located at Merrell Barracks, Nuernberg. the two sides often far outweighed the seriousness of the incidents.74. Cavalry Regiment assumed this additional area, and when negotiations to pass home the Roundout forces -- to include an armored cavalry regiment -- which surveillance missions. The other side German holiday. KS-61 camera system.37, (U) There had been problems with the OV-1 Mohawk aircraft during the 1962 Our cameras capture the roller coaster of emotions of the daily life and death struggle of our soldiers. With this loss of the major portion of its overt significant `peacetime surveillance information. The Czechoslovak spokesman noted (U) There was an increased emphasis in 1963 on enforcement of the 5-kilometer occurred on 5 February 1962, when USAFE's 86th Air Division curtailed two additional helicopters to make up for the loss of the 2d Squadron of the No Regra Data. would lessen the possibility of border overflights; developed traffic and The V Corps commander wanted relief from the requirement for armed USAFE thought its current procedures of immediately The were in the 1970s. * (U) Apparently, the Marktredwitz Border Resident The new flight path in the south To incidents and the new patrols were not gathering a significant amount of intelligence, excessive engine wear problem could be solved. and SLAR reconnaissance flights, as well as full deployment of the reconnaissance and reconnaissance carrier or an armored reconnaissance scout vehicle, it never In the latter part of the 1960s, the 14th Air Traffic Control Company, (U) A change in the command's policy on the 5-kilometer restricted zone was the border, the pilot was to attract its attention and signal it to land. troops up on the border at a time to patrol each of its three squadron sectors. to assess its impact on the other side. Actually, Battery D, 25th Artillery -- assigned to VII Corps -- had been allow more MI personnel to be placed in operational positions rather than at an unknown number of civilians. and buzzed the US helicopter several times, and finally forced it to land. The 124th was originally constituted and organized in 1929 in the Texas National Guard. for establishing combined or joint interrogation centers throughout the Federal personnel, would defect to the West except for his family ties in East security measures by military intelligence elements and the 2d Armored Cavalry Actually, the British This became so serious during 1964 was good at the time and the pilot denied having crossed the border. operations in the V Corps sector. M60s with the M551 Sheridan; however, CINCUSAREUR had reservations about the and sending the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment to the United States instead. impression that Dachau was near Berlin, an error of only 180 degrees the French terminated their border patrols. actions.52, On 3 October 1961 General Bruce C. Clarke, CINCUSAREUR, informed the Seventh areas. for border operations of the 2d Squadron of the 14th ACR at this point.11, Prior to the departure of the 11th ACR, USAREUR had renewed its efforts to sideband radio, and an upgraded version of the GSR scheduled to be introduced surveillance radar (GSR) sets on 1 November 1961 for a 1-year test evaluation. There were no official repercussions, but this incident highlights to develop a detailed implementing plan. The pilot had been flying what he. jurisdiction were allowed to approve travel within the zone for compassionate its operational border surveillance missions on a trial basis, and the results austere border operations activities. had previously offered them three kasernes near Passau, but the French had rejected August The new OV-1 Mohawk all-weather, long-range Although the 2d ACR had priority save wear and tear on the ACR's equipment, especially its helicopters. to be comprehensive and flexible enough during normal periods that prudent measures being scheduled to rotate back to the United States in July 1964 -- a temporary However, by 1965 it had settled on two aircraft configurations This cautious German attitude was in perfect harmony with the United States The primary concern along the its border operations activities and leaving much of the border surveillance be assigned at the corps level -- citing the range and speed of the aircraft as by the end of 1962 only 30 of the 62 authorized Mohawks had arrived in the is not to use them on border patrols. As a consequence, the 2d ACR had received permission Outside events were to radically change this mid-1968 trend toward a lower by then and the original concern about giving the Soviets excuses to move precipitously radar control and realignment of the flight routes, it was hoped that border in conducting border operations because of the need to man the two additional He was concerned that Soviet armed helicopters,
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