In the seventeenth century most of Italy had gained its independence. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II - 1619-1637. The first emperor of the House of Habsburg, and the fourth member of the House of Habsburg to be elected King of Germany after Rudolf I of Germany, Albert I in the 13th century and his predecessor Albert II of Germany. Corrections? Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor: Mither: Maria Anna o Bavarie: Releegion: Roman Catholicism: Seegnatur: Ferdinand III (13 Julie 1608 – 2 Aprile 1657) wis Holy Roman Emperor frae 15 Februar 1637 till his daith, as well as King o Hungary an Croatie, King o Bohemie an Airchduke o Austrick. Supported by the Catholic electors and urged on by his Jesuit confessor, William Lamormaini, Ferdinand issued in 1629 the fateful Edict of Restitution, which reclaimed for the Catholics all the church lands that, they asserted, had been seized illegally by the Protestants since the Religious Peace of Augsburg of 1555. The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. He was the last emperor to have real power over the Holy Roman Empire. In 1600 he married Maria Anna of Bavaria, who bore him four children. The Protestants of Upper and Lower Austria were subjected to compulsory conversion. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. See also Augsburg, Religious Peace of (1555) ; Austria ; Gustavus II Adolphus (Sweden) ; Habsburg Dynasty: Austria ; Habsburg Territories ; Holy Roman Empire ; Mantuan Succession, War of the (1627–1631) ; Reformation, Catholic ; Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) ; Wallenstein, A. W. E. von . Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617–19, 1620–27), and king of Hungary (1618–25). Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. The Holy Roman Empire, a political organization made up of states in central Europe, existed from 962 until 1806. Until then the war largely had been confined to Germany, but Swedish and, later on, French intervention turned it into a European conflict. Yet, basing his policies chiefly on religious principles, he suffered from discrepancies between his religious goals and the maxims of a modern raison d’état. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria. Bireley, Robert. He attempted to revive imperial authority in Germany and to restore Catholicism in his domain. Author of. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]—died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617–19, 1620–27), and king of Hungary (1618–25). In Crown, Church, and Estates: Central European Politics in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Omissions? Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. FERDINAND II (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) (1578–1637; Holy Roman Emperor 1619–1637; king of Bohemia 1617–1619 and 1620–1627; king of Hungary 1618–1625). After the dust cleared following the Bohemian rebellion, Ferdinand gradually established a relatively mild absolutism in his territories, with the exception of Hungary, and he generally succeeded in winning over the support of the aristocracy represented in the various estates. In the spring of 1598 he undertook an Italian journey that included a visit with Pope Clement VIII, then in Ferrara, and a stay with the Jesuits in Rome. Genealogy profile for Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor Genealogy for Emperador Ferdinand I Nicholas von Habsburg, Erzherzog, Kaiser des Heiliges Römisches Reich deutscher nation (1503 - 1564) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. This extreme measure alienated Protestant states hitherto loyal to the emperor, especially Saxony and Brandenburg, and helped provoke the successful invasion of the Swedish king, Gustavus II Adolphus, whose victory at Breitenfeld near Leipzig in 1631 reversed the whole course of the war. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Ferdinand's aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the Empire and suppress Protestantism. 2021 . Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The victorious advance of the Swedish army, however, made the emperor recall Wallenstein. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). Frederick II (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. Therefore, after the death of his brother-in-law Louis II, King of Bohemia and of Hungary, at the battle of Mohács on 29 August 1526, Fer… Frederick II turned Prussia into a militaristic state. Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor was born 9 July 1578 in Graz, Austria to Karl II. In the same year, Ferdinand was recognized by the Bohemian Diet as king of Bohemia and in 1618 was elected king of Hungary. The family, which can be traced…, FREDERICK III (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) (1415–1493; ruled 1440–1493) Religion and Politics in the Age of the Counterreformation: Emperor Ferdinand II, William Lamormaini, S.J., and the Formation of Imperial Policy. 1621-12-13 Emperor Ferdinand II delegates 1st anti-Reformation decree. 1621-12-31 Hungarian King Bethlen Gabor and Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II sign the Treaty of Mikulov. FERDINAND II (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) (1578 – 1637; Holy Roman Emperor 1619 – 1637; king of Bohemia 1617 – 1619 and 1620 – 1627; king of Hungary 1618 – 1625). He confiscated the estates of the rebel magnates, reduced the Diet to impotence by a new constituent ordinance (1627), and forcibly catholicized Bohemia. BIRELEY, ROBERT "Ferdinand II (Holy Roman Empire) (1578–1637; Holy Roman Emperor 1619–1637; king of Bohemia 1617–1619 and 1620 Deutsch: Ferdinand II. De Roomse Roffel … Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Updates? Born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria, and was baptised as Ferdinand Ernst. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, king of Bohemia and Royal Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death in 1564. (March 8, 2021). He was the son of emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and … Ferdinand was born in Graz,… The Maltese knightsJohann Jacob von Dhaun (member of the Lower Austrian estate, a union o… . Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). Saunders, Steven. Following the death of Wallenstein (… Ferdinand was born in Graz to the Habsburg archduke Charles of Inner Austria (and was thus the grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I) and the Wittelsbach duchess Maria of Bavaria. Ferdinand II, Archduke of Styria (Inner Austria) 1590-1637, King of Bohemia 1617-1619 and 1620-1637, King of Hungary 1618-1625, and Holy Roman Emperor 1619-1637, was born 9 July 1578 in Graz, Austria, the son of Charles II (1540-1590), Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608), and grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I.Ferdinand succeeded his cousin Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor … Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In return he promised in a secret treaty (1617) to cede to them Alsace and the imperial fiefs in Italy. On November 8, 1620, his troops, headed by Flemish general Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, with the help of Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria, crushed Frederick V’s rebel forces at the White Mountain, close to Prague. Ferdinand III, (born July 13, 1608, Graz, Inner Austria—died April 2, 1657, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor who headed the so-called peace party at the Habsburg imperial court during the Thirty Years’ War and ended that war in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia.. But, when Rudolf II launched the same policy in Hungary shortly afterward, there was a revolt, and the rebels offered the Hungarian crown to Matthias in return for guarantees of toleration.…. Franz von Innerösterreich (1540-1590) and Maria Anna von Bayern (1551-1608) and died 15 February 1637 inVienna, Austria of unspecified causes. Encyclopedia.com. Wikipedia. Born in Graz in Styria on July 9, 1578, Ferdinand of Hapsburg was the son of Archduke Charles of inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. 8 Mar. Ferdinand I (Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, king of Bohemia and Royal Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death in 1564. Ferdinand II, who had been married to his second wife, Eleonora Gonzaga of Mantua, since 1622, died in Vienna in 1637. At his father's court he received religious and scholarly training from Jesuits. Former Director, Upper Austrian Provincial Archives, Linz. He sought to combine reason of state with the advancement of religion. Encyclopedia.com. Yet in the face of the shifting fortunes of war, he showed much steadfastness, although he often lacked political agility. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Edited by R. J. W. Evans and T. V. Thomas. Before his accession, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburgs in the name of his elder brother, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. More than any other individual, Ferdinand merits being called the founder of the Habsburg Monarchy in central Europe, and he, along with his cousin, Duke and then Elector Maximilian I of Bavaria (1573–1651), stands out as the leading prince of the Counter-Reformation in Germany. Born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria, and was baptised as Ferdinand Ernst. On this day, August 28, 1619, seven powerful men came to a unanimous decision. He succeeded in establishing his inheritance as a single entity that included Upper and Lower Austria as well as Inner Austria, the lands of the Bohemian crown, and a portion of Hungary. Ferdinand emerged as the natural Habsburg candidate to succeed the childless Emperor Matthias, and in 1619 he was elected Holy Roman Emperor, a year after the Bohemian rebellion sparked the Thirty Years' War. An indecisive man, he depended much on the influence of his counselors and his Jesuit confessors. He married Maria Anna Margarita of Spain (1606-1646) 20 February 1631 . Besides German he spoke Italian, French, and Spanish, was fond of music, and liked reading religious books, but his passion was hunting. During the first decade of the Thirty Years’ War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinate’s electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. . ." Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor; Media in category "Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor" The following 41 files are in this category, out of 41 total. English: Ferdinand II with his court midget. Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. He was also the Archduke of Styria (Inner Austria) from 1590–1637, King of Bohemia from 1617-1619 and again from 1620-1637, as well as King of Hungary from 1618-1625. After his victory over the Swedes (September 1634) at Nördlingen, Ferdinand reached a compromise with the Protestant princes in the Peace of Prague (1635) and, in 1636, succeeded in having his son Ferdinand elected king of the Romans (successor-designate to the emperor). Abbildung des Keyserlichen Eingang zu Regensburg auff den Churfursten tag in Jaer 1622.jpg 3,673 × 3,090; 10.03 MB. In 1619, however, the largely Protestant diet of Bohemia deposed him, electing Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate, as their king. . False. After this point, these colours continued to be used as the flag of Austria until 1918. Rise to Power Video Software we use: https://amzn.to/2KpdCQF Ad-free videos. Upon the death of his father on February 15, 1637, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III.. By the time Ferdinand became emperor, vast sections of the imperial territories had been absolutely devastated by … Ferdinand was born in Graz to the Habsburg archduke Charles of Inner Austria (and was thus the grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I) and the Wittelsbach duchess Maria of Bavaria. Oxford and New York, 1979. Hapsburg or Habsburg (both: hăps´bûrg, Ger. Ferdinand’s Roman Catholic contemporaries considered him a saintlike monarch; his Protestant opponents feared him as a tyrant. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). On 20 Februar 1631, Ferdinand III mairit Maria Anna o Austrick. Roman Catholic historiography of the 19th century assigned him too high a place, while liberal historians were likely to underestimate his importance. Back in Graz in early 1595, Ferdinand was formally recognized as ruler of Inner Austria by the estates in late 1596, after reaching his majority. who found his relaxation chiefly in the hunt and in music, which he supported lavishly and with rich results. In addition, with the help of Spain and the league of Catholic princes of Germany, and through the victories of his generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein, he gained important successes over his German opponents and the king of Denmark. (* 9. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Retrieved March 08, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ferdinand-ii-holy-roman-empire-1578-1637-holy-roman-emperor-1619-1637-king-bohemia-1617-1619-and. He was the leading champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule during the Thirty Years’ War. Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Thus he sustained and strengthened what R. J. W. Evans has called the three pillars of the Habsburg Monarchy: the dynasty, the aristocracy, and the church. The colours red and white were also significant during this period. Ferdinand I (Spanish: Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564. Yet by maintaining the country’s historical provinces and estates, after their subjugation, he preserved the principle of federalism in Austria. Ferdinand III (July 13, 1608 – April 2, 1657) was Holy Roman Emperor from February 15, 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria. Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death. He was also the Archduke of Styria (Inner Austria) from 1590–1637, King of Bohemia from 1617-1619 and again from 1620-1637, as well as King of Hungary from 1618-1625. Ferdinand II, a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia, and King of Hungary (1618–1637). From 1590 to 1595 he was educated at the University of Ingolstadt by Jesuits whose aim was to make him a strict, rigidly Catholic ruler. New York, 1991. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, and Maria of Bavaria. Ferdinand’s Edict of Restitution (1629), which forced Protestants to return to the Roman Catholic church all property seized since 1552, revealed to the German princes the threat of imperial absolutism. Media in category "Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor" The following 41 files are in this category, out of 41 total. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1625). https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ferdinand-ii-holy-roman-empire-1578-1637-holy-roman-emperor-1619-1637-king-bohemia-1617-1619-and, Maximilian II 1527–1576 Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I 1459–1519 Holy Roman Emperor, Wallenstein, A. W. E. von (Originally Waldstein; 1583–1634). Deutsch: Ferdinand II. A good-natured, benevolent, affable monarch, he was imbued with the belief in the splendour of the imperial crown and the greatness of his dynasty. . mit seinem Hofzwerg. He married Maria Anna of Bavaria (1574-1616) 23 April 1600 . Although Protestant, he was not successful in uniting Protestants in the empire.…, The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was an extended conflict between the Holy Roman Emperor* and the princes* of individual territories within the empi…, Hapsburg This was, in effect, the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War. Shortly after assuming power in Graz, he embarked on a rigorous, often harsh reformation of religion in Inner Austria that brought thousands back from Protestantism to the Catholic faith and at the same time strengthened Ferdinand politically in his contest with the Estates. Though elected Holy Roman emperor on August 28, 1619, Ferdinand was able to maintain himself only with support from Spain, Poland, and various German princes. He attempted to revive imperial authority in Germany and to restore Catholicism in his domain. Februar 1637 in Wien) war von 1619 bis 1637 Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. English: Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 - February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637. Educated by the Jesuits, he became King of Hungary in 1625, King of Bohemiain 1627 and Archduke of Austria in 1621. Ferdinand II, Archduke of Styria (Inner Austria) 1590-1637, King of Bohemia 1617-1619 and 1620-1637, King of Hungary 1618-1625, and Holy Roman Emperor 1619-1637, was born 9 July 1578 in Graz, Austria, the son of Charles II (1540-1590), Archduke of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608), and grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I.Ferdinand succeeded his cousin Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor … … Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria, and was baptised as Ferdinand Ernst. His forces, combined with those of Maximilian's Catholic League, controlled much of north and central Germany by late 1627, where his advance seems to have been dictated by a desire to foster the interests of Catholicism rather than to set up a form of absolutism in the empire, as some have contended. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-Holy-Roman-emperor, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Ferdinand II. Ferdinand was deeply religious, affable personally, and a conscientious and hardworking ruler Ferdinand I (also known as Fernando I in Spanish) served as the Holy Roman Emperor from 1556 (coronation in 1558), the king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and the king of Croatia from 1527, until his death in 1564. Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. Valuable for the general culture of the court as well as for music. Holy Roman Emperor Parents: Ferdinand II of Austria (father) Maria Anna of Bavaria (mother) Spouse: Maria Anna of Spain Maria Leopoldine of Austria (b. Later Ferdinand secured approval from the Habsburg rulers of Spain to succeed the childless Matthias. He also initiated further Counter-Reformation measures in the Austrian territories and Bohemian lands that would in the long run lead to their recatholicization. In 1521, Charles gave him the Austrian duchies of the Hapsburgs. A person of moderate talents and willpower, he nevertheless exerted a strong influence on the events of his time by his strict and uncompromising religious policy. Charles abdicated as Emperor in August 1556 in favor of his brother Ferdinand. Juli 1578 in Graz; † 15. At the electoral convention of Regensburg in 1636, he secured the election of his son, Ferdinand III, as king of the Romans, which prepared the way for his succession as Holy Roman emperor. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1619-1637. Abbildung des Keyserlichen Eingang zu Regensburg auff den Churfursten tag in Jaer 1622.jpg 3,673 × 3,090; 10.03 MB The Thirty Years' War. Both his marriages, to Maria Anna of Bavaria from 1600 to 1616 and to Eleanor of Gonzaga from 1622 to 1637, turned out happily. Cross, Sword, and Lyre: Sacred Music at the Imperial Court of Ferdinand II of Habsburg (1615–1637). FREDERICK III (HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE) (1415–1493; ruled 1440–1493), Holy Roman emperor. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. Ferdinand II (1578-1637) was Holy Roman emperor from 1619 to 1637. ." With Emperor Ferdinand II’s ascension to head of state of the Holy Roman Empire in 1619, religious conflict began to foment. In 1596 he took over his hereditary lands and, after a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome, set about suppressing Protestantism by forcing the great majority of his subjects to adopt the Roman Catholic faith. A…, Rising from obscure origins, the Habsburgs became the dominant political family of Europe during the Renaissance. In 1590, his parents, who were devout Catholics, sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt, because they wanted to isolate him from the Lutheran nobles. Eventually, for reasons of state, Ferdinand reluctantly gave his consent to a second dismissal and the assassination of Wallenstein, who had treacherously entered into negotiations with the enemy (1634). Oxford and New York, 1995. …ruler of Inner Austria, Archduke Ferdinand, began a campaign of forcible re-Catholicization among his subjects, which proved entirely successful. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest, the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I … Pages in category "Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor" This category contains only the following page. Given the settlement of 1521 and the election of 1531, Ferdinand became Holy Roman Emperor and suo jure Archduke of Austria. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (Father) Maria-Anna of Bavaria (Mother) Ferdinand was finally elected King of the Romans at the Diet of Regensburg on December 22, 1636. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. https://www.habsburger.net/en/persons/habsburg-emperor/ferdinand-ii Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. His rule coincided with the Thirty Years' War. From early on in his rule, Ferdinand felt called to restore Catholicism in his lands, a mission encouraged by the Jesuits and confirmed in Ferdinand's mind by the success of his efforts in Inner Austria against formidable odds and the advice of many councillors. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1619-1637. By the late 1400s, the empire cover…, Maximilian II (1527-1576) was Holy Roman emperor from 1564 to 1576. By creating an independent Austrian court chancellery and by establishing in his will the principles of Austria’s indivisibility and of primogeniture in his family, he made an essential contribution to the country’s national integration. Their opposition forced Ferdinand in 1630 to dismiss Wallenstein, the mainstay of his power. According to the terms set at the First Congress of Vienna in 1515, Ferdinand married Anne Jagiellonica, daughter of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary on 22 July 1515.
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