Line: 478 The Marlborough fault system comprises a series of major right‐lateral strike‐slip faults that link the Alpine fault to the Hikurangi subduction zone in the Pacific/Australia plate boundary zone in New Zealand. The new plate vector was significantly oblique to the Alpine Fault, causing an increased amount of convergence. The Marlborough geology comprises predominantly of sandstone and mudstone Collection Overview: Collaborative Research: Towards an Understanding of the Collective Behavior of Regional Fault Networks: The Marlborough Fault System, New Zealand (James F. Dolan, PI, University of Southern California). Function: _error_handler, File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/page/index.php Killer quake strikes New Zealand. Wellman became a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1954, and was awarded the Hector Memorial Medal and Prize in 1957 and the McKay Hammer Award in 1959. It protrudes five kilometres into the Pacific Ocean. Overview. (a) Map of field site showing rivers and drainage anomalies. These observations suggest that distributed deformation, not slip on a narrow vertical fault, accommodates displacement in the lower crust below the 120–480 km of right-lateral slip across the Wairau fault, one splay of the Marlborough fault system, and the northward continuation of the Alpine fault. The Alpine Fault is a geological fault that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island and forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. Marlborough Fault System, South Island, New Zealand. Main stem rivers shown in thicker line weight. The two ranges are visible from a great distance, including from the southern coast of the North Island. The Marlborough Fault System is a series of subparallel strike-slip faults which run northeast-southwest. Since the end of whaling in 1922 whales have been allowed to thrive and the region is now a popular whale watching destination. GNS Science has this earthquake catalogued and places the epicenter 35 km east of Taihape, near the border of Hawke's Bay. Marlborough Fault System planform river patterns across three geomorphic domains. The principal strain rates, which mostly have errors between 5% and 10%, vary systematically across the region. File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_modal.php The faults in the MFS are predominantly dextral strike-slip ( Anderson et al. [2] It takes its name from the Clarence River, which follows the fault trace in the northeastern section of the fault. At its northeastern end it links into the Jordan Thrust and most of the displacement is transferred onto that structure. Marlborough is a region shaped by powerful geological forces. MFS = Marlborough Fault System. It contains all the main terranes that make up New Zealand's basement. [5] An extra 10° of clockwise rotation has been recognised within the block that lies northeast of the tip of the Clarence fault. The South Island covers 150,437 square kilometres (58,084 sq mi), making it the world's 12th-largest island. Marlborough. Line: 208 The Kelly Fault forms a major fork of the Hope Fault from just west of Harper Pass; it forks again to the west into the Newton and Hura faults just before connecting to the Alpine Fault. Function: _error_handler, Message: Invalid argument supplied for foreach(), File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_modal.php It is formed of two main segments; the Molesworth section to the southwest and the Eastern section to the northeast. Die Hope Fault verläuft am südwestlichen Rand der Marlborough Fault Zone in Ost-West-Richtung und erstreckt sich dabei über 230 km, angefangen von der Alpine Fault im Westen bis zur Ostküste der Südinsel nördlich von Kaikoura. There are four main fault strands, although many other smaller faults, of either strike-slip or thrust type are known. 1 The Marlborough Fault System, showing the location of the study area (cross hatched). A Holocene slip-rate of 3.5–5.0 mm/yr is estimated for this fault. The estimated recent slip-rate for the Molesworth section is 4.4 mm/yr. New Zealand is situated some 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Large faults within the Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as subduction zones or transform faults. It is formed of two main segments; the Molesworth section to the southwest and the Eastern section to the northeast. Here we examine the landscape of New Zealand's Marlborough Fault System (MFS), where the Australian and Pacific plates obliquely collide, in order to study landscape evolution and the controls on fluvial patterns at a long-lived plate boundary. It contains the oldest rocks of anywhere on New Zealand's main islands. [2]. The Marlborough Fault System is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between the mainly transform plate boundary of the Alpine fault and the mainly destructive boundary of the Kermadec Trench, and together form the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. [4][8] Before joining with the Clarence Fault, The offshore segment of the Kekerengu Fault is known as the Needles Fault. The last major earthquake on the Alpine Fault was in c.1717 AD, the probability of another one occurring within the next 50 years is estimated at about 30 percent. New Zealand has been investigated by resurveying with the Global Positioning System (GPS) a triangulation and trilateration network across part of the zone. The new plate vector was significantly oblique to the Alpine Fault, causing an increased amount of convergence. The 1848 Marlborough earthquake was caused by rupture of the whole of the eastern section of the Awatere Fault. At the surface the displacement appears to be nearly pure horizontal, but continuous uplift of the neighbouring Inner Kaikoura Range over the same period, suggests that some of the dip-slip component thought to be present at depth on the fault zone is transferred onto thrust or reverse faults under the range. Line: 24 The fault lines branch off the Alpine Fault and reach across the region to the northeast, with four major fault lines comprising the Marlborough Fault System. Faults taken from New Zealand Active Faults Database Function: view, File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/controllers/Main.php It is considered by some to be an interglacial period within the Pleistocene Epoch. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake occurred on 23 January at about 9 p.m., affecting much of the Cook Strait area of New Zealand, including Marlborough in the South Island and Wellington and Wairarapa in the North Island. There are major fault lines running the length of New Zealand. All of the major active faults of the Marlborough fault system have continuous traces except for the Clarence fault which terminates abruptly near the Ward syncline. Line: 192 Both the Kekerengu Fault and the Needles Fault ruptured in the 7.8 (Mw) 2016 Kaikoura earthquake.[9]. Marlborough Fault System Last updated July 14, 2019 Map of the Marlborough Fault System Major active fault zones of New Zealand showing variation in displacement vector of Pacific Plate relative to Australian Plate along the boundary. Studies of the geomorphology and the use of trenching across fault strands, has identified many earthquakes that occurred during the Holocene on many parts of the fault system. The set of strike-slip faults formed to accommodate this change by taking up most of the strike-slip component. 2012a) advocates that this subduction has to accommodate some plate motion. A current initiative aims to have the town renamed as Flaxbourne. Newly acquired lidar digital topographic data acquired early 2014 from the four major faults of the Marlborough Fault System in northern South Island New Zealand allow measurement of fault offsets ~1 m to 100s of meters in unprecedented detail. The Wellington fault and Awatere fault in the Marlborough fault system have similar rates of movement. Marlborough is a region shaped by powerful geological forces. The up to 1000 km-long Magallanes Fault System (MFS) is the southernmost onshore strike-slip plate boundary and located between the South American and Scotia Plates. The 1848 Marlborough earthquake was a 7.5 (Mw) earthquake that occurred at 1:40 a.m. on 16 October 1848 and whose epicenter was in the Marlborough region of the South Island of New Zealand. The fault lines branch off the Alpine Fault and reach across the region to the northeast, with four major fault lines comprising the Marlborough Fault System. This earthquake was associated with the largest observed movement on a strike-slip fault, maximum 18 metres (59 ft). All of the major active faults of the Marlborough fault system have continuous traces except for the Clarence fault which terminates abruptly near the Ward syncline. It has an estimated slip-rate of 3–5 mm/yr. The new plate vector was significantly oblique to the Alpine Fault, causing an increased amount of convergence. Relative movement across the Marlborough Fault System is dextral or right-lateral. Slip-rates, a … The 1843 Wanganui earthquake occurred on 8 July at 16:45 local time with an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the Mw scale. However, these new results point to it being more complex than that, particularly around this junction area between the Alpine Fault and the Marlborough Fault System. The Clarence Fault is an active dextral strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand. The up to 1000 km-long Magallanes Fault System (MFS) is the southernmost onshore strike-slip plate boundary and located between the South American and Scotia Plates. Are you sure you want to cancel your membership with us? Line: 479 Message: Undefined variable: user_membership, File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/application/views/user/popup_modal.php The Southern Alps have been uplifted on the fault over the last 12 million years in a series of earthquakes. The Kaikōura earthquake occurred in an area known as the Marlborough fault system … The Marlborough Fault System formed at about 5 Ma, during the early Pliocene, in response to a change in plate motions. The Marlborough fault system comprises a series of major right-lateral strike-slip faults that link the Alpine fault to the Hikurangi subduction zone in the Pacific/Australia plate boundary zone in New Zealand. Slip-rates, a … 2 Shaded digital relief map of the eastern section ofthe Awatere Fault in the Awatere Valley, show-ing the distribution of sites where small geomorphic displacements (<15 m) have been measured. The Marlborough Fault System is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between the mainly transform plate boundary of the Alpine fault and the mainly destructive boundary of the Kermadec Trench, and together form the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. Most of the fault system consists of dextral strike-slip faults, although towards its northeastern end the trend swings to more S-N trend and the faults become mainly oblique normal in sense as the zone intersects with the Taupo rift zone. At the surface the displacement appears to be nearly pure horizontal, but continuous uplift of the neighbouring Inner Kaikoura Range over the same period, suggests that some of the dip-slip component thought to be present at depth on the fault zone is transferred onto thrust or reverse faults under the range. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, and to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean. A transform fault or transform boundary is a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movement. In the South Island, the Marlborough Fault System is another series of major parallel faults.These join together further south to form the Alpine Fault which carries most of the total plate boundary strain. The Alpine Fault which follows the plate boundary between the Australian and Pacific plates passes through the region, and many smaller faults also contribute to the shape of the landscape. Along the Alpine Fault the plates are not only moving past each other, they are also moving towards each other. [9]. Wairarapa, Wellington and Hawke's Bay felt the strongest levels of shaking, with much of New Zealand feeling the tremor. The Wellington Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand. It forms part of the North Island Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. However, most of the motion on the fault is strike-slip, with the Tasman district and West Coast moving North and Canterbury and Otago moving South. He is notable for his discovery of South Island's Alpine Fault. The Kekerengu Fault is an active dextral strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand. Energy release associated with rapid movement on active faults is the cause of most earthquakes. The estimated recent slip-rate for the Molesworth section is 4.4 mm/yr. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland. [1], The Marlborough Fault System consists of four main dominantly strike-slip fault strands, which together carry almost all of the displacement associated with the plate boundary. It began approximately 11,650 cal years before present, after the last glacial period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Awatere Fault is an active dextral strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand. Die Marlborough Fault Zone (MFZ), manchmal auch Marlborough Fault System genannt, besteht aus einem System von vier größeren und vielen kleineren geologischen Verwerfungen in der Region Marlborough und im Norden der Region Canterbury auf der Südinsel von Neuseeland. Collectively, these faults are known as the Marlborough Fault System and effectively split the district in two. The Jordan Thrust is a reverse fault that connects the southern end of the Kekerengu Fault to the Seaward Segment of the Hope Fault. [7], It is closely associated with the Hope Fault and Jordan Thrust at its south-easternmost edge and likely joins with the Clarence Fault to form the Wairarapa Fault offshore in Cook Strait. All of the major active faults of the Marlborough fault system have continuous traces except for the Clarence fault which terminates abruptly near the Ward syncline. REGIONAL CONSIDERATIONS The Clarence Fault as mapped by Lensen (1962) requires that It takes its name from the Wairau River, which follows the fault trace for most of its length. The Marlborough fault system comprises a series of major right-lateral strike-slip faults that link the Alpine fault to the Hikurangi subduction zone in the Pacific/Australia plate boundary zone in New Zealand. The new plate vector was significantly oblique to the Alpine Fault, causing an increased amount of convergence. The Marlborough Fault System (MFS) marks the transition from a subduction plate boundary in the north to a transpressive plate boundary in the south . The 1888 North Canterbury earthquake occurred at 4:10 am on 1 September following a sequence of foreshocks that started the previous evening, and whose epicentre was in the North Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. [1][5][6][7] The Hope Fault, which has the fastest slip rate is characterised by the shortest recurrence interval. The dominant message in the past two decades is that that the Alpine Fault produces an earthquake of about magnitude 8 every 300 years or so. In Wellington the shaking lasted for about two minutes and caused widespread damage, especially to brick or stone structures. Converted phases from teleseisms recorded by a seismic array spanning the northern half of the Marlborough fault system, South Island, New Zealand, show a continuous unbroken Moho underlying a seismically anisotropic lower crust beneath the two northernmost faults of the fault system. It takes its name from the Hope River, which runs along one of the central fault segments. The Kelly Fault forms a major fork of the Hope Fault from just west of Harper Pass; it forks again to the west into the Newton and Hura faults jus before connecting to the Alpine Fault. The Holocene has been identified with the current warm period, known as MIS 1. Function: view, File: /home/ah0ejbmyowku/public_html/index.php 2. MARLBOROUGH FAULT SYSTEM One of the most well developed and active continental strike-slip systems on Earth ex-tends along the spine of the South Island of New Zealand. Fault Line Explanatory Note (PDF, 94.3KB) Identification of Active Fault Traces in Marlborough District (PDF, 164KB) Land Information Memorandum/Project Information Memorandum Earthquake Practice Note (PDF, 33.2KB) Locality and Site Plan (PDF, 286.8KB) Map of the Active Trace of the Wairau Section of the Alpine Fault (PDF, 170.5KB) Last Modified: 21-2-2019 7:50. Base is a screenshot from NASAWorldWind, from the free Blue Marble image courtesy of NASA Earth Observatory. It is a dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip fault with variable amounts of vertical movement causing uplift to the northwest, as expressed by a series of ranges. The Hope Fault forms the southernmost part of the Marlborough Fault System. 376 New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 2006, Vol. The Kaikoura Peninsula is located in the northeast of New Zealand's South Island. Marlborough Fault System planform river patterns across three geomorphic domains. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, and the South Island —and around 600 smaller islands. Alpine Fault can cause quakes more frequently than previously believed - study Dan Satherley. Harold William Wellman was an English-born New Zealand geologist known for his work on plate tectonics. The Awatere Fault is an active dextral (right lateral) strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand.It forms part of the Marlborough Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate, from the transform Alpine Fault to the Hikurangi Trench subduction zone. The 1934 Pahiatua earthquake struck at 11:46 pm on 5 March, causing severe damage in much of the lower North Island. "Paleoseismology and slip rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault at Greenburn Stream, South Island, New Zealand", "Tectonic rotation about the termination of a major strike‐slip fault, Marlborough Fault System, New Zealand", "Early to Middle Miocene Pacific-Australia plate boundary in New Zealand: an alternative transcurrent-fault system", "Rates of active faulting during late Quaternary fluvial terrace formation at Saxton River, Awatere fault, New Zealand", "Timing of late Holocene surface rupture of the Wairau Fault, Marlborough, New Zealand", "Huge fault rupture stretches 34km offshore from Kaikoura". The Marlborough Fault System is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between the mainly transform plate boundary of the Alpine fault and the mainly destructive boundary of the Kermadec Trench, and together form the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. There are four main fault strands, although many other smaller faults, of either strike-slip or thrust type are known. 1). Line: 68 Both the Kekerengu Fault and the Needles Fault ruptured in the 7.8 (Mw ) 2016 Kaikoura earthquake. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Between these systems is a zone of strike-slip (where the plates slide laterally past each other) and compression, where the plate motion is taken up on a complex network of numerous faults in the northern South Island. The North Island Fault System or North Island Dextral Fault Belt is a set of southwest-northeast trending seismically-active faults in the North Island of New Zealand that carry most of the dextral strike-slip component of the oblique convergence of the Pacific Plate with the Australian Plate. New Zealand is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It takes its name from the Hope River, which runs along one of the central fault segments. The epicentre is estimated to have been within a zone extending 50 km northeast from Wanganui towards Taihape. The Tasman Region, and the small adjoining Nelson Region, form one of the more geologically interesting regions of New Zealand. The Kaikoura Ranges are two parallel ranges of mountains located in the northeast of the South Island of New Zealand. Just north of Hokitika it transitions into the Marlborough Fault System which extends into Cloudy Bay. marlborough fault system. Other smaller faults form as splays of these main faults or accommodate deformation of the crust between them, such as the Newton and Hura Faults at the western end of the Hope Fault and the Jordan Thrust that formed the Seaward Kaikoura Range. The Flaxbourne River flows past to the north and into the Pacific Ocean to the south-east of Ward. A magnitude-6.3 earthquake struck Christchurch, New Zealand, at about 1 p.m. local time Tuesday. Flowing along the trace of the active Awatere Fault, it runs northeast through a straight valley to the west of the Inland Kaikoura mountains. This fault zone accommodates up to 10 mm/yr of strike-slip displacement. Faults taken from New Zealand Active Faults Database The lidar dataset, acquired for us by the US National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM) and New Zealand Aerial Mapping (NZAM), … 49 Fig. Currently, slip on the Alpine fault along with subduction at the Hikurangi Trench to its northeast and the Puseygur The Elliott Fault branches from the central portion of the Clarence Fault and then rejoins it. The 2016, moment magnitude 7.8, Kaikoura earthquake in New Zealand’s South Island generated some of the most complex surface ruptures ever observed. The Hope Fault is an active dextral strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand. It is located on State Highway 1, 82 kilometres (51 mi) north of Kaikoura. [2], The Marlborough Fault System formed at about 5 Ma, during the early Pliocene, in response to a change in plate motions. The set of strike-slip faults formed to accommodate this change by taking up most of the strike-slip component. The arrow indicates the present-day rate of plate convergence (46 mm/yr). The epicentre was approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Hanmer. It is the second and youngest epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Clarence Fault runs from close to the Alpine Fault to about 10 km west of Ward, where it appears to terminate abruptly. Geografisch kann die Marlborough Fault Zone im Westen vom Einzugsgebiet des Otira River … English: Map of the Marlborough Fault System, the set of dextral strike-slip faults that accommodates the switch from the Alpine Fault to the Kermadec Trench along the plate boundary through New Zealand. The Pliocene Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP. This project was a collaborative effort between PI Dolan (USC) and co-I Ed Rhodes (UCLA) and New Zealand collaborators Russ Van Dissen and Rob Langridge of GNS Science. Its southwest-directed migration likely drove southward stepping of strike-slip shear within the Marlborough fault system, in classic plate-tectonic fashion. [1] [5] [6] [7] The Hope Fault, which has the fastest slip rate is characterised by the shortest recurrence interval. It has a temperate climate. A Holocene slip-rate of 3.5–5.0 mm/yr is estimated for this fault. It has been suggested that the surface rupture formed by this event helped influence Charles Lyell to link earthquakes with rapid movement on faults. The South Island, also officially named Te Waipounamu, is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area; the other being the smaller but more populous North Island.
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