The U.S. currently relies on non-yield-producing laboratory experiments, flight tests, and the judgment of experienced nuclear scientists and engineers, using robust modeling and simulation, to ensure continued confidence in the safety, security, effectiveness, and reliability of its nuclear deterrent. Shaan Shaikh, “US Navy Test Fires Trident II SLBM,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Missile Defense Project. Second, the lack of detailed publicly available data about the readiness of nuclear forces, their capabilities, and the reliability of their weapons makes analysis difficult. During the Cold War, the U.S. and the U.K. cooperated to the point where joint targeting was included. We hope that this report card on the U.S. armed forces helps decision-makers to be better informed and helps citizens to hold their elected representatives accountable for providing adequately for our nation’s defense. The Honorable Lisa E. Gordon-Hagerty, Under Secretary for Nuclear Security and Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration, U.S. Department of Energy, statement before the Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. House of Representatives, March 4, 2020, pp. UC50 . Capacity to hedge against an uncertain future. The 2018 NPR emphasizes that: The ability to maintain and attract a high-quality workforce is critical to assuring the future of the American nuclear deterrent, especially when a strong employment atmosphere adds to the challenge of hiring the best and brightest. Panel to Assess the Reliability, Safety, and Security of the United States Nuclear Stockpile. U.S. nuclear forces play an essential role in underpinning the broad nonproliferation regime by providing U.S. security guaranties that assure allies including NATO, Japan, and South Korea that they can forgo development of nuclear capabilities. Additionally, the three key national security laboratories no longer focus solely on the nuclear weapons mission (although this remains their primary mission); they also focus extensively on nuclear nonproliferation and counterproliferation, intelligence, biological/medical research, threat reduction, and countering nuclear terrorism, which includes a variety of nuclear-related detection activities. The nuclear weapons labs also face demographic challenges. Because such modernization activities require consistent, stable long-term funding commitments, it is essential that Congress continue to invest in this cornerstone of our security. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Chief Financial Officer. The aged systems, however, occasionally have reliability problems, as evidenced by the July 2018 failed Minuteman III launch. Certain modernization decisions (e.g., 12 versus 14 Columbia-class ballistic missile submarines with 16 versus 24 missile tubes per submarine) will limit upload capacity on the strategic submarine force. Assessing the state of U.S. nuclear weapons capabilities presents at least three serious challenges. Nov 17, 2020 About an hour read. 1st Lieutenant Ieva Bytautaite, “Minuteman III Test Launch on Schedule, Mission Ready amid Pandemic,” United States Space Force, April 30, 2020. If you do not fill in and send back this questionnaire to the Health Assessment . There are disagreements as to the effect of aging on plutonium pits and how long the U.S. will be able to depend on them before replacement. We can be reasonably certain, however, that a robust, well-resourced, focused, and reliable nuclear enterprise is much more likely to sustain the value of the U.S. deterrent than is one that is outdated and/or questionable. 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