Information on the global distribution of giant manta rays and their population sizes is lacking.
The manta ray is the largest species of ray in the world with some manta ray individuals reaching up to 9 meters wide. In 2010, Ecuador introduced a law prohibiting all fishing for manta and other rays, their retention as bycatch and their sale.Due to their size, mantas are rarely kept in captivity and few aquaria currently display them. Manta rays are the largest species of ray and live in tropical, subtropical, and temperate ocean waters across the globe. The manta ray is a large species of flattened fish, closely related to other cartilaginous fish such as sharks.
Studies have also shown that manta rays are able to Female manta rays hit sexual maturity at around eight to 10 years old and tend to give birth once every couple of years, usually to one pup, or occasionally two. 2020 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Many individual manta rays Manta rays have the largest brain-to-size ratio of any cold-blooded fish. © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, © 2015-
They are classified among the Myliobatiformes (stingrays and relatives) and are placed in the family Myliobatidae (eagle rays). Two giant oceanic manta rays feed on plankton. Manta rays are fished for their meat, and, increasingly, Since 2011, manta rays have been protected in international waters by the Convention on Migratory Species, an international treaty that protects migrating wild animals. These are the reef manta(Manta alfredi) and the giant manta ray(Manta birostris), animals that exceed 3 meters wide and have the largest brains of all fish. In addition, several countries including Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, the Philippines, and New Zealand have fishing bans in place.In 2014, Indonesia, home to the worldâs largest manta ray fishery, banned fishing and trade of the creatures, pointing to a far more lucrative reason to keep them alive: tourism.
In 2008, While the smaller reef manta has an impressive wingspan of about 11 feet wide on average, the giant oceanic manta rayâthe largest species of rayâcan have a wingspan of up to 29 feet.Both species of manta ray are filter feeders: they swim with their mouths wide open, drawing in zooplankton and krill, which they sift through rows of tiny rakes that line their mouths called gill plates. Mantas move through the water by the wing-like movements of their pectoral fins, which drive water backwards. Both have triangular pectoral fins, horn-shaped cephalic fins and large, forward-facing mouths. The larger species, M. birostris, reaches 7 m (23 ft) in width, while the smaller, M. alfredi, reaches 5.5 m (18 ft).
Courtship is difficult to observe in this fast-swimming fish, although mating "trains" with multiple individuals swimming closely behind each other are sometimes seen in shallow water. One notable individual is "Nandi", a manta ray which was accidentally caught in shark nets off Sites at which manta rays congregate attract tourists, and manta viewing generates substantial annual revenue for local communities.Ray tourism benefits locals and visitors by raising awareness of natural resource management and educating them about the animals.In 2014, Indonesia brought in a fishing and export ban, as it has realized that manta ray tourism is more economically beneficial than allowing the fish to be killed. Their greatest threat is overfishing. Mantas may travel alone or in groups up to 50. Because theyâre long-living and slow to reproduce, localized populations have a difficult time bouncing back when fished. The mating sequence may be triggered by a The fertilized eggs develop within the female's oviduct. Swimming with rays, Marine biologist and National Geographic grantee Joshua Stewart is fighting to protect giant oceanic manta rays by studying their movements.
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