Although many of these genes seemed to be intact in most of the anglerfish species, they found that Overall, the more extreme attachment between mates, the more extreme the changes to adaptive immunity genes appeared to be, the team notes. . © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, © 2015-
The team also included three control species from other anglerfish groups in which males never attach to females.The team examined a handful of well-characterized genes known to be key players in the adaptive immune response.
While temporary attachment only seemed to require reduced antibody responses, permanent one-to-one fusions seemed to be associated also with the curtailing of cytotoxic T cell function. In other vertebrate species, sexual parasitism would automatically trigger an immune response and attack foreign tissue, just as it would to destroy cells infected by pathogens. Only the female anglerfish hunt for prey, the males lead a parasitic life and are used solely for mating. Anglerfish that permanently attach are largely lacking the genes that encode these MHC molecules, the team discovered. This inhibited the function of T cells, a type of white blood cell of key importance to the immune system. Gnarly teeth. Lure bobbing from its head.
The Anglerfish that are found in deep-sea, 'fuse' bodies with their partners when they mate. 'We assume that as yet unknown evolutionary forces first drive changes in the immune system, which are then exploited for the evolution of sexual parasitism,' said co-author Thomas Boehm, also at MPI-IE.
With such sparse research on this curious species, there's more to discover in the future. It wouldn’t be the first example of a trade-off between sexual behavior and immune system function, he adds, noting that in vertebrates, testosterone can depress immune system function and enhance male sexual displays. However, “that so much of it is shut down or remodeled in [deep-sea anglerfish] is just wild!”To Rosenthal and Murchison, the results underscore how the genomics revolution has enabled researchers to venture beyond well-understood model organisms in labs and explore the different adaptations of life on Earth. MHC molecules are extremely varied and it is hard to find identical or near-identical forms in any two individuals of a single species.This helps explain the problem of tissue-matching that makes human organ and bone marrow transplantation rife with complications.Anglerfish that permanently attach are largely lacking the genes that encode these MHC molecules, the team discovered. The eerie footage shows the female’s glowing filaments extending all around her body, as the tiny male clings on. The scientists say that it's as if the permanently attached males 'had done away with immune recognition' in favour of tissue fusion.
The study shows that vertebrates can survive without the adaptive immune facilities previously considered to be irreplaceable.
The sub-order of deep-sea anglerfish, composed of nearly 170 known species, arguably displays the most dramatic mating habits in the animal kingdom. But it also has a weirdly clingy side - after finding a female, the male black devil angler latches on and never lets go! This inhibited the function of T cells, a type of white blood cell of key importance to the immune system. In 2018, scientists revealed footage of live anglerfish mating for the first time, according to a report in Science Magazine.Before then, anglerfish mating pairs had reportedly only been observed in dead specimens caught in nets. Researchers therefore investigated how anglerfish overcome tissue-rejection and perform such a intense union. “And you never really know what you’re going to find because nature is so broad and diverse and there’s so much adaptation to very specialized niches.”Could COVID-19 Trigger Chronic Disease in Some People? Some species of anglerfish – the deep-sea predatorthat uses a luminous lure to attract prey – have a bizarre way of reproducing: they fuse with their mates. This explains why organ transplantation in humans is such a delicate process – it requires careful cross-matching of donor and recipient tissue characters, together with immunosuppressive drugs, to ensure the long-term survival of an organ graft. The scientists say that it's as if the permanently attached males 'had done away with immune recognition' in favour of tissue fusion. Whereas membrane-connected filaments in other fish species move as a single unit, the glowing ones on the fanfin sea devil appear to function independently, each equipped with its own set of muscles and nerves. (Related: ""Any prey item touching one of those would cause the angler to turn and gobble up that particular animal," Pietsch tells Pietsch says the "light-show" the female emits could be a method to attract prey, or to trick would-be predators into thinking the anglerfish is much bigger than it is.
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